![]() ![]() It is further stated that “ the best breaks in nine-ball spread the rack” (p. Jeanette Lee, a professional 9-ball player ranking number 1 in 1990s, once shared that “ the break is the most important shot in nine-ball … because it can give you control of the table” ( Lee and Gershenson, 2007) (p. Therefore, the break shot represents an important shot in 9-ball, and a good break shot can logically increase the chance of winning the game. It is generally believed that a powerful break shot can separate the object balls well such that the player can pocket the subsequent object balls easily and continue staying on the table until he/she wins by pocketing the 9-ball. If the player misses, the visit (which consists of a series of consecutive successful shots) will be passed to the opponent. The purpose of the break shot is to separate the racked object balls and to pocket at least one ball so that the player can remain on the table. Each frame of 9-ball games begins with a break shot. The player to win a predetermined number of frames first wins the game. An individual frame is won by the player pocketing the last ball on the table which is the 9-ball. Players strike the white cue ball to pocket nine colored billiard balls in ascending numerical order (1-ball, 2-ball, … 9-ball). Nine-ball is a popular billiard game played with a cue stick on a rectangular table with six pockets. Parking the cue ball near the table center after the break can facilitate potting more balls immediately after. In conclusion, pocketing more balls during the break is associated with more clustered balls remaining on the table. Neither cue ball position nor ball distribution could predict table clearance or winning of a frame. The closer the cue ball ending toward the table center, the more balls potted in the visit immediately after the break ( r s = −0.144, p = 0.027). Results showed that the more balls falling into the pockets during the break, the more clustered the remaining balls ( r s = 0.232, p < 0.001). Spearman correlation and binary logistic regression were utilized to identify associations and to predict the frame outcomes, respectively. The break shots of 275 frames (241 men’s, 34 women’s) of professional tournaments were analyzed from two aspects: (1) cue ball position, represented by the distance between the cue ball and the table center, and (2) ball distribution, indicated by the standard deviation of Voronoi cell areas determined from all remaining balls on the table. This study aimed to quantify the break shot characteristics and identify their significance in predicting the game outcomes in 9-ball tournaments. 2Office of Graduate Studies and Professional Learning, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. ![]() ![]() 1Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.Jing Wen Pan 1 John Komar 1 Shawn Bing Kai Sng 1 Pui Wah Kong 1,2* ![]()
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